The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act passed through the Senate by a vote of 60-39. It now goes to President Obama to be signed as early as next week.
Following is a brief summary of the Legislation:
1. It creates a new and independent watchdog to ensure that American consumers have clear and accurate information when shopping for mortgages, credit cards and other financial products. In addition it will work to protect consumers from hidden fees, abusive terms, and deceptive practices.
· Has the authority to examine and enforce regulations for banks and credit unions with assets of over $10 billion. It also extends these powers to all mortgage related businesses (lenders, servicers, and brokers), payday lenders, and student loan lenders, as well as debt collectors and consumer reporting agencies.
· Creates a new Office of Financial Literacy, and a National Consumer complaint hotline.
2. Ends “Too Big to Fail”: the legislation creates a safe way to liquidate failed financial firms, and imposes tough new capital and leverage requirement that will make it undesirable to get too big.
· Volker Rule: requires regulators to implement regulations for banks, their affiliates and holding companies, to prohibit proprietary trading, investment in and sponsorship of hedge funds and private equity funds, and to limit relationships with hedge funds and private equity funds.
· Requires large, complex financial companies to periodically submit plans for their rapid and orderly shutdown should the company go under. If they fail to submit acceptable plans, the company will suffer higher capital requirements and restrictions on growth and activity, as well as divestment.
· Creates an orderly liquidation mechanism for FDIC to unwind failing companies.
· Declares that taxpayers will bear no cost for liquidating large, interconnected financial companies in the future.
· Allows the FDIC to guarantee debt of solvent insured bands to prevent bank runs.
3. Reforms the Federal Reserve:
· Limits the Feds emergency lending authority by prohibiting lending to an individual entity.
· Provides for the Government Accountability Office to perform a onetime audit on the Federal Reserve lending that took place during the financial crisis. Details of lending will be published on the Federal Reserve website by December 1, 2010.
4. Creates the Financial Stability Oversight Council. This council will be chaired by the Treasury Secretary and be made up of 10 federal financial regulators (from the Federal Reserve Board, the SEC, CFTC, OCC, FDIC, FHFA, NCUA and the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau), an independent appointee with expertise in insurance, and 5 nonvoting members. It will be charged with identifying and responding to emerging risks throughout the financial system
5. Creates a council to identify and address risks posed by large complex companies, creative financial products, or unwarranted activities before they threaten the stability of the economy.
· Requires companies that sell products like mortgage-backed securities to retain at least 5% of the credit risk.
6. Eliminates loopholes that allow risky and abusive behavior to go unregulated – including loopholes for over-the-counter derivatives, asset back securities, hedge funds, mortgage brokers and payday lenders.
7. Requires central clearing and exchange trading for derivatives that can be cleared.
8. Establishes an Office of Minority and Women Inclusion. This office will coordinate technical assistance to minority-owned and women-owned businesses and seek diversity in the workforce of regulators.
9. Mortgage Reform:
· Institutions must ensure that borrowers can repay the loans that they are sold.
· Prohibits the financial incentives for subprime loans
· Prohibits pre-payment penalties on loans
· Lenders and mortgage brokers who don’t comply with the new standards will be held accountable by consumers for as much as three years of interest payments and damages, plus attorney’s fees.
· Lenders must disclose the maximum a consumer could pay on a variable rate mortgage.
· Establishes and Office of Housing Counseling within HUD to boost homeownership and rental housing counseling.
10. Hedge Funds:
· Requires Hedge funds and private equity advisors to register with the SEC as investment advisers. It also requires them to provide information about their trades and portfolios necessary to assess systemic risk.
· Raises the assets threshold for federal regulation of investment advisers from $30 million to $100 million.
11. Provides shareholders with a say on executive compensation and corporate governance.
· Shareholders will have the right of a non-binding vote on executive pay and golden parachutes.
· Standards for listing on an exchange will require that compensation committees include only independent directors and have authority to hire compensation consultants in order to strengthen their independence from the executives they are rewarding or punishing.
· Requires public companies to set polices to take back executive compensation if it was based on inaccurate financial statements that don’t comply with accounting standards.
12. Provides new rules for transparency and accountability for credit rating agencies.
· Creates an Office of Credit Ratings at the SEC with the authority to find agencies.
· Allows investors to bring private rights of action against ratings agencies for a knowing or reckless failure to conduct a reasonable investigation of the facts.
· Gives the SEC the authority to deregister an agency for providing bad ratings over time.
· Requires ratings analysts to pass qualifying exams and have continuing education.
· The SEC will create a mechanism to prevent issuers of asset backed-securities from picking the agency that they think will give the highest rating for their product.
13. Strengthens oversight and empowers regulators to aggressively pursue financial fraud, conflicts of interest and manipulation of the system that benefits special interests at the expense of American consumers and businesses.
· Implements a strengthened version of the Volcker rule by not allowing a study of the issue to undermine the prohibition on proprietary trading and investing a banking entity’s own money in hedge funds
· Adds credit exposure from derivative transactions to bank’s lending limits.
· Creates the first ever office in the Federal government focused on insurance.
· Requires the Federal Reserve to issue rules to ensure that fees charged to merchants by credit card companies debit card transactions are reasonable an proportional to the cost of processing those transactions.
· Allows consumers free access to their credit score if their score negatively affects them in a financial transaction or hiring decision.
14. SEC and Investor Protections
· Gives SEC the authority to impose a fiduciary duty on brokers who give investment advice.
· Encourages people to report securities violations with rewards of up to 30% of recovered funds.
· Creates a committee of investors to advise the SEC on its regulatory priorities and practices.
· Provides more funding to the SEC to carry out its new duties.
15. Mortgage Crisis:
· Provides $1 billion to States and cities to combat the falling property values and increased crime that impacted some neighborhoods as a result of the foreclosure crisis.
· Provides $1 billion for bridge loans to qualified unemployed homeowners with reasonable prospects for reemployment to help cover mortgage payments while unemployed.
For full report see: http://financialservices.house.gov/Key_Issues/Financial_Regulatory_Reform/conference_report_FINAL.pdf